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Evokation
  
 
Index
  

 

ADVENT 279 ADVENT

 

-
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
5
SOLAR
65
29
2
6
SYSTEM
101
38
2
14
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
199
82
10
1+4
-
1+9+9
8+2
1+0
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
19
10
1
-
-
1+9
1+0
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
10
1
1
-
-
1+0
-
-
5
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1
1
1

DAVED

 

3

SUN
54
9
9
7

MERCURY
103
40
4
5

VENUS
81
18
9
5

EARTH
52
25
7
4

MOON
57
21
3
4

MARS
51
15
6
7

JUPITER
99
36
9
6

SATURN
93
21
3
6

URANUS
94
22
4
7

NEPTUNE
95
32
5
5

PLUTO
84
21
3
59

First Total
863
260
62
5+9

Add to Reduce
8+6+3
2+6+0
6+2
14

Second Total
17
8
8
1+4

Add to Deduce
1+7

-

-
5

Final Total
8
8
8

 

 

3

SUN
54
9
9
5

EARTH
52
25
7
4

MOON
57
21
3
12

First Total
163
55
19
1+2

Add to Reduce
1+6+3
5+5
1+9
3

Second Total
10
10
10

-

Add to deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
3

Final Total
1
1
1

 

 

3

SUN
54
9
9
5

VENUS
81
18
9
7

JUPITER
99
36
9
15

Add to Reduce
234
63
27
1+5

Reduce to Deduce
2+3+4
6+3
2+7
6

Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

6
NIBIRU
-
-
-
-
N
14
5
5
-
I
9
9
9
-
B
2
2
2
-
I
9
9
9
-
R
18
9
9
-
U
21
3
3
6
NIBIRU
73
37
37
-
-
7+3
3+7
3+7
6
NIBIRU
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
4
NIBIRU
1
1
1

 

 

6
NIBIRU
-
-
-
-
N+I+B
25
16
7
-
I+R
27
18
9
-
U
21
3
3
6
NIBIRU
73
37
19
-
-
7+3
3+7
1+9
6
NIBIRU
10
10
10
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
4
NIBIRU
1
1
1

 

 

HALL OF THE GODS

ANCIENT MYTHS OF CREATION

Nigel Appleby

1998

THE QUEST TO DISCOVER THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANCIENTS

Page 56/7 (Chapter 6)

Beyond the confines of the Old Testament

"Then there is the Book of Moses..."/ 35

"For behold, there are many worlds that have passed away by the word of my power. And there are many that now stand, and innumerable are they unto man; but all things are numbered unto me, for they are mine and I know them."

The mystery of Nibiru

There is apparently another planet in our solar system that has only recently been discovered by modern science. It appears to have an orbit of some 3,600 years.Now according to ancient Sumerian texts only recently deciphered (see below), their gods came to Earth from a planet in our own solar system called Niburu, and furthermore, their descriptions of it match precisely those of the 'new' planet being currently given by astronomers. Does this sound absurd? Then what are we to make of another Sumerian clay tablet depicting all the planets in our solar system including this extra Planet?

The tablet is 4,500 years old; it not only shows all the nine planets, but also a tenth"

"How come a 4,500-year old Sumerian clay tablet has them all clearly delineated, together with the tenth planet that we have yet accurately to pinpoint?

The elusive tenth planet

The existece of a tenth planet has become known to science because NASA has recently found deviations in in the movements of Uranus and Neptune that have convinced it of the existence of another, as yet unknown, solar body. . . "

 

-
TENTH PLANET
-
-
-
5
TENTH
67
22
4
6
PLANET
68
23
5
11
TENTH PLANET
135
45
9
1+1
-
7+3
4+5
-
2
TENTH PLANET
9
9
9

Page 59

Sumerian names for the planets

"Only when the planets (including the tenth, Nibiru) are in the configeration as illustrated on the Sumerian clay tablet do the distances between them conform to Bodes law"

Page 60

Planet X

"In 1982 NASA itself officially recognised the possibility of Planet X, which I shall refer to as Nibiru from now onwards."

 

6
NIBIRU
73
37
10
-
-
7+3
3+7
1+0
6
NIBIRU
10
10
1

 

 

DAILY MIRROR

Tuesday, March 16, 2004

Stephen White

Page 21

"To boldly go

FURTHER

NEW PLANET IS FOUND

ASTRONOMERS

have found a 10th planet in our solar system"

 

 

DAILY MIRROR

Tuesday, March 16, 2004

Jonathan Cainer

Page 45

"WHATS IN A NAME"

"NEW planets are not as rare as they used to be . In the last three years at least three have been found"

 

5
SEDNA
43
25
7
4
ANDES
43
25
7

 

 

5
SEDNA
43
25
7
4
XENA
44
17
8
6
NIBIRU
73
37
1
6
PLANET X
92
29
2

 

 

-
UNIVERSE
-
-
-
4
UN
35
8
8
1
I
9
9
9
2
VE
9
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
2
SE
24
15
6
10
UNIVERSE
113
50
41
1+0
-
1+1+3
5+0
4+1
1
UNIVERSE
5
5
5

 

 

10
UNIVERSE
113
50
41
-
UNITY SERVE
-
-
-
2
UN
35
8
8
1
I
9
9
9
2
TY
45
9
9
2
SE
24
15
6
1
R
18
9
9
2
VE
27
9
9
10
UNITY SERVE
158
59
50
1+0
-
1+5+8
5+9
5+0
10
UNITY SERVE
14
14
5
1+0
-
1+4
1+4
-
1
UNITY SERVE
5
5
5

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Tuesday, August 30,2005

Jonathan Cainer

Page 57

Dear Jonathan, after all you have said about the newly-discovered Planet Xena I wonder if you are familiar with the work of Zecharia Sitchin. He says the ancients were aware of a Planet called Nibiru that has a very different orbit to the rest of the Solar System. it travels far from the Sun for millennia but every so often it comes close to effect the Earths gravity. He believes it will soon be re-discovered. Paul

Dear Paul

Sitchin's work deserves reading with an open mind. But whatever Xena is. . . it is not 'Niburu'

 

 

3

SUN
54
9
9
7

MERCURY
103
40
4
5

VENUS
81
18
9
5

EARTH
52
25
7
4

MOON
57
21
3
4

MARS
51
15
6
7

JUPITER
99
36
9
6

SATURN
93
21
3
6

URANUS
94
22
4
7

NEPTUNE
95
32
5
5

PLUTO
84
21
3
6

NIBURU
73
37
1
65

First Total
936
297
63
6+5

Add to Reduce
9+3+6
2+9+7
6+3
11

Second Total
18
18
9
1+1

Add to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
2

Final Total
9
9
9

 

 

1
RA OSIRIS
9
63
9
4
OSIRIS
89
53
8
2
ISIS
56
20
2
1
IRIS
55
37
1
2
ISISIRIS
111
57
3
2
OSIRISIRISISIS
200
110
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
SOTHIS
90
45
9
-
SO
34
16
7
-
THIS
56
29
2
-
SIRIUS
95
50
5
10
ORION
71
35
8
-
ORIONIS
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
1
R
18
9
9
1
I
9
9
9
2
ON
29
11
2
1
I
9
9
9
1
S
19
10
1
7
ORIONIS
99
54
36
-
-
9+9
5+4
3+6
7
ORIONIS
18
9
9
-
-
1+8
-
-
7
ORIONIS
9
9
9

 

 

PLUTARCH

MORALIA

VOLUME

V

Translated by Frank Cole Babbitt 1936

Page

1

99

THE E AT DELPHI

 

-
EPSILON
-
-
-
3
EPS
40
13
4
1
I
9
9
9
2
LO
27
9
9
1
N
14
5
5
7
EPSILON
90
36
27
-
-
9+0
3+6
2+7
7
EPSILON
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
1
E
5
5
5
2
AT
21
3
3
1
DELPHI
54
36
9
7
-
113
59
23
-
-
1+1+3
5+9
2+7
7
-
5
14
23
-
-
-
1+4
2+3
-
-
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
EPSILON
90
36
9
8
PLUTARCH
99
9
9
6
DELPHI
54
36
9
6
ORACLE
54
27
9
8
OMPHALOS
99
36
9

 

 

HALL OF THE GODS

ANCIENT MYTHS OF CREATION

Nigel ApplebyE. A.Wallis Budge Page 59 CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY AND OF MAKING A WAY THROUGH AMMEHET

1998

THE QUEST TO DISCOVER THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANCIENTS

Page77 (Chapter 8)

OCTAVES AND OMPHALOS SITES

Page 82

The oracle at Delphi

"The letter E (epsilon) is associated with Delphi, and featured on the Delphic omphalos stone."

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Wednesday June 22, 05

Front Page

Laura Peek & Andy Dolan

"LIVES AT RISK IN 999 COVER UP"

 

 

PEACE BE UPON YOU

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
O
=
6
-
6
ORACLE
54
27
9
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
D
=
4
-
6
DELPHI
54
36
9
-
-
13
-
17
Add to Reduce
162
81
27
-
-
1+3
-
1+7
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
8+1
2+7
-
-
4
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
6
ORACLE
54
27
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
6
DELPHI
54
36
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
17
-
162
81
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
6
-
33
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
2
-
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
P
=
7
-
1
P
16
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
36
-
6
-
54
36
36
-
2
4
9
4
15
6
7
16
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
1+6
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
4
9
4
6
6
7
7
9
-
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
ORACLE
54
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
AT
21
3
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
DELPHI
54
36
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
81
-
17
Add to Reduce
162
81
81
-
2
4
3
4
6
6
7
7
9
-
-
8+1
-
1+7
Reduce to Deduce
1+6+2
8+1
8+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
2
4
3
4
6
6
7
7
9

 

 

JESUS CHRIST

 

-
-
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
5
JESUS
74
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
1
J
10
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
5
-
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
32
-
6
-
77
41
32
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
43
-
5
JESUS
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
43
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+5+1
7+0
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
JESUS CHRIST
7
7
7
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
5
JESUS
74
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
1
J
10
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
11
-
5
-
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
32
-
6
-
77
41
32
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
43
-
5
JESUS
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
43
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+5+1
7+0
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
JESUS CHRIST
7
7
7
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
5
JESUS
74
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
1
J
10
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
9
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
43
-
5
JESUS
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
43
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+5+1
7+0
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
JESUS CHRIST
7
7
7
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
5
JESUS
74
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
J
=
1
-
1
J
10
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
9
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
43
-
5
JESUS
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
43
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+5+1
7+0
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
JESUS CHRIST
7
7
7
-
4
2
6
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
8
9
J
=
1
-
5
JESUS
74
29
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
8
9
J
=
1
-
1
J
10
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
-
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
C
=
3
-
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
JESUS CHRIST
-
-
-
-
4
2
6
5
8
9
-
-
43
-
5
JESUS
74
29
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+3
-
6
CHRIST
77
41
32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
11
JESUS CHRIST
151
70
43
-
4
2
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+5+1
7+0
4+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
2
JESUS CHRIST
7
7
7
-
4
2
6
5
8
9

 

 

IN OUR TIME

Last broadcast on Thu, 18 Dec 2003, 21:30 on BBC Radio 4

"Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the feat of astonishing intellectual engineering which provides us with millions of words in hundreds of languages. At the start of the twentieth century, in the depths of an ancient Egyptian turquoise mine on the Sinai peninsular, an archaeologist called Sir Flinders Petrie made an exciting discovery. Scratched onto rocks, pots and portable items, he found scribblings of a very unexpected but strangely familiar nature. He had expected to see the complex pictorial hieroglyphic script the Egyptian establishment had used for over 1000 years, but it seemed that at this very early period, 1700 BC, the mine workers and Semitic slaves had started using a new informal system of graffiti, one which was brilliantly simple, endlessly adaptable and perfectly portable: the Alphabet. This was probably the earliest example of an alphabetic script and it bears an uncanny resemblance to our own.

Did the alphabet really spring into life almost fully formed? How did it manage to conquer three quarters of the globe? And despite its Cyrillic and Arabic variations and the myriad languages it has been used to write, why is there essentially only one alphabet anywhere in the world?"

 

 

THE USBORNE BOOK OF FACTS AND LISTS

Lynn Bressler (no date)

Page 82

10 most spoken languages
Chinese 700,000,000 English 400,000,000 Russian 265,000,000 Spanish 240,000,000 Hindustani 230,000,000 Arabic 146,000,000 Portuguese 145,000,000 Bengali 144,000,000 German 119,000,000 Japanese 116,000,000

The first alphabet
The Phoenicians, who once lived where Syria, Jordan and Lebanon are today, had an alphabet of 29 letters as early as 1,700 BC. It was adopted by the Greeks and the Romans. Through the Romans, who went on to conquer most of Europe, it became the alphabet of Western countries.

Sounds strange
One tribe of Mexican Indians hold entire conversations just by whistling. The different pitches provide meaning.

The Rosetta Stone
 The Rosetta Stone was found by Napoleon in the sands of Egypt. It dates to about 196 BC.
On it is an inscription in hieroglyphics and a translation in Greek. , Because scholars knew ancient Greek, they could work out what the Egyptian hieroglyphics meant. From this they learned the language of the ancient Egyptians.

Did You KnowMany Chinese cannot understand each other. They have different ways of speaking (called dialects) in different
parts of the country. But today in schools allover China, the children are being taught one dialect (Mandarin), so that one day all Chinese will understand each other.

Translating computers
Computers can be used to help people of different nationalities, who do not know each others' language, talk to each other. By giving a computer a message in one language it will translate it into another specified language.

Worldwide language
English is spoken either as a first or second language in at least 45 countries. This is more than any other language. It is the language of international business and scientific conferences and is used by airtraffic controllers worldwide. In all, about one third of the world speaks it.

Page 83

Earliest writing Chinese writing has been found on pottery, and even on a tortoise shell, going back 6,000 years. Pictures made the basis for their writing, each picture showing an object or idea. Probably the earliest form of writing came from the Middle East, where Iraq and Iran are now. This region was then ruled by the Sumerians.

The most words

English has more words in it than any other language. There are about1 million in all, a third of which are technical terms. Most
people only use about 1 per cent of the words available, that is, about 10,000. William Shakespeare is reputed to have made most use of the English vocabulary.

A scientific word describing a process in the human cell is 207,000 letters long. This makes this single word equal in length to a short novel or about 80 typed sheets of A4 paper.

Many tongues
A Frenchman, named Georges Henri Schmidt, is fluent (meaning he reads and writes well) in 31 different languages.

International language
Esperanto was invented in the 1880s by a Pole, Dr Zamenhof. It was hoped that it would become the international language of Europe. It took words from many European countries and has a very easy grammar that can be learned in an hour or two.
The same language

The languages of India and Europe may originally come from just one source. Many words in different languages sound similar. For example, the word for King in Latin is Rex, in Indian, Raj, in Italian Re, in French Roi and in Spanish Rey. The original language has been named Indo-European. Basque, spoken in the French and Spanish Pyrenees, is an exception. It seems to have a different source which is still unknown.

Number of alphabets
There are 65 alphabets in use in the world today. Here are some of them: Roman
ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRS Greek  Russian (Cyrillic) Hebrew  Chinese (examples omitted)

 

 

Daily Mail, Monday, December 21, 2015

Page 45

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS
Charles Legge.

QUESTION If E is the most used letter of our alphabet, in what order of usage are the remaining 25 letters?

CODEBREAKERS are especially interested in frequency analysis. The most basic encryption text is achieved by simply replacing one letter by another. So to decipher such an encryption, it's useful to get a frequency count of all the letters. The most frequent letter might represent the most common letter in English, E followed by T, A, 0 and I. The least frequent are Q, Z and X.
Common percentages in standard Englist are: e 12.7, t 9.1, a 8.2, o 7.5, i 7.0, n 6.7, s 6.3 h 6.1, r 6.0, d 4.3, I 4.0, u 2.8, c 2.8, m 2.4, IA 2.4, f 2.2, y 2.0, g 2.0, p 1.9, b 1.5, v 1.0, k 0.8 x 0.2, j 0.2, q 0.1, z 0.1. The top 12 letter: constitute about 80 per cent of the total usage. The top eight letters constitute about 65 per cent of total use.
Codebreakers also look for common pairings, for example the consonants TE and vowels EA. Other pairings are OF, TO IN, IT, IS, BE, AS, AT, SO, WE, HE, BY, OR ON, DO, IF, ME, MY, UP. Common pairs of repeated letters are SS, EE, TT, FF, LL MM and 00. Common triplets are THE EST, FOR, AND, HIS, ENT and THA. The use of letter frequencies and frequency analysis plays a fundamental role in cryptograms and word puzzle games such as Hangman and Scrabble. An example of applying the knowledge of English letter frequency to solving cryptogram is found in Edgar Allan Poe's famous story The Gold-Bug, where the method is successfully applied to decipher a message instructing on the whereabouts of a treasure hidden by Captain Kidd.
A. D. Butler Warrington, Cheshire.

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Monday, October 8, 2007

Harry Bingham

Page 15

"YOU SAY POTATO, I SAY GHOUGHBTEIGHPTEAU !"

"...Yes you CAN spell potato like that. It's one of the amazing quirks which make English the world's dominant language

 

"ABOUT three years ago I started researching a book, This Little Britain, about the various ways in which we Brits have a history .
of being the exception.
In areas such as law, government, economics, agriculture and science, we've often been a uniquely British exception to a general European rule.
Ditto, in such things as men's fashion, Victorian sewers, drunken yobbishness, and - not least - in the whole area of language and literature.
Take spellings. George Bernard Shaw famously commented that English spelling would allow you to write the word 'fish' as 'ghoti' - and it would sound the same (in the latter, the sound 'f' would be from 'gh', as in 'rough'; 'i' would be from 'o' in 'women' and 'sh' as in 'ti' from 'nation').
But he couldn't have been trying all that hard, if that was the best example he came up with. How about 'potato' as in
'ghoughbteighpteau'? That's the sound 'p' as in hiccough, 'o' as in though, 't' as in debt, 'a' as in neighbour, 't' as in ptomaine, 'o' as in bureau. The fact is that with just 26 letters and 48 different sounds to cope with, there were always going to be problems. :
Throw in other pronunciation changes and an appetite for foreign borrowings, and it's no surprise that English has some of the most dangerously unpredictable spellings in the world.
If our spellings are painful, however, our grammar has its blessedly simple side. French nouns are either masculine or feminine; French verbs vary with every puff of the syntactical breeze.
But French is a pretty simple language. Italian has 50 different forms for every verb, ancient Greek more than 300, modern Turkish an eye popping two million. English, by contrast, has just four verb forms (bark, barks, barking, barked), two noun forms (dog, dogs), and just one adjectival form (snappy), thus making our language about the least inflected in the world.
If that's a curious fact, the reason why is perhaps odder still. Back in Alfred the Great's England, two language communities - English and Danish - inter­mingled. Each community could make out the basic words of the other language.

FOR example, the word 'horse' is 'hors' in Old English, 'hossit' in Old Norse. But all those tricksy little word endings would have made no sense at all. So they began to vanish.
Under pressure of trade, friendship and intermarriage, our ancient ancestors did away with inflections almost completely. Confusing at the time, no doubt, but a blessing for those who need to learn the language today.
And there are plenty of people learning it, of course. With about one-and a-half billion non-native speakers, English has become the world's own language - one that accounts for two-thirds of internet content, and a still larger proportion of the world's scientific and technical journals.
It's sometimes suggested that English has achieved its leadership because it's thelanguage of Shakespeare, . because of its unique and beautiful literature.
That's nonsense, of course. English dominates because the British Isles exported English speakers and gunboats in the 19th century, and because America exported Hollywood, GIs and hamburgers in the 20th.
If those Mayflower settlers had chanced to speak Ubykh (a Caucasian language with 81 consonants and 'three vowels) or Rotokas (a Papua New Guinea language with just six consonants and five vowels), the world would most likely be speaking those fine languages today.
Such dominance has its down­side, of course. There are now about 6,800 languages left in the world, compared with perhaps twice that number back at the dawn of agriculture. The remaining languages are now dying at the rate of about one a fortnight.
English is big in other ways too. If you wanted to learn all the words in the Oxford English Dictionary, you'd have to deal with about 500,000 of them (ending with zyxt, a splendid last word by any standards and an archaic Kentish term for thou seest).
Having done that, you'd probably be a bit taken aback to learn the equivalent American dictionary, Webster's, offers a further 450,000 words or so, of which only about half are to be found in the OED, suggesting a pooled total word count of about 750,000.
But there are lots of words that never get in to either dictionary. Flora and fauna are mostly out. So are most acronyms, slang and dialect. Total that lot up and you'd get to a million or so. Next, you'd need to deal with scientific and technological terms, adding another million or so words.
Otherlanguages-can't keep up. The official dictionary-based word count of German is fewer than 200,000. The French word­count is fewer than 100,000. The scale of our vocabulary is impossible to explain, except by recognising that English users are reckless adopters and inventors.
In the cultural realm, however, mere size is hardly likely to impress. In tenus of Nobel Prizes for literature, the United Kingdom trots home in the bronze medal position (beaten by gold­medallist France, and the silver­gong-holder, the US.).
If, on the other hand, you were looking at the total amount of literatureproduced by the British Isles then we would come in level with France, with 13 prizes.

BUT perhaps that's to measure things the wrong way. If you look at Nobel Prizes by language, then English wins by a country mile 26 laureates vs 13 for France).

More to the point, the Nobel Prize Committee is just that: a committee. Wouldn't it be better to let the world's reading public determine which literature it favours? Alas, there are no reliable global sales figures available.
We do, however, have an index of which authors have written the most translated books. British authors romp home in four of the top five places: Agatha Christie in first, then Enid Blyton, Shakespeare and Barbara Cartland in third to fifth. (The one interloper, Frenchman Jules Verne, is in second place.)
Looking more broadly, British authors dominate the top 40, with some 14 authors on the list, compared with 11 for the United States, and 15 for the entire rest of the world put together.
The obvious conclusion: that we Brits have some natural affinity for words and literature, the way that the Germans 'do' music, or the French 'do' visual art.
Such things run both deep and ancient. The vernacular literature of Alfred the Great's England was the most developed in Europe. It's perhaps not surprising that the same is arguably still true today."

 

  1. "YOU SAY POTATO, I SAY GHOUGHBTEIGHPTEAU !"

 

 

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