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Evokation
  
 
Index
  

 

 

 

LOVE THAT RAINBOW THAT RAINBOW THAT LOVE

 

 

I

THAT

AM

GOD

FORMED

HUMANKIND OF THE DUST OF THE GROUND

AND

BREATHED INTO THEIR NOSTRILS

THE BREATH OF LIFE

AND

THE

HUMAN BECAME A LIVING SOUL

973AZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZA973

ISISISISISISISISISISISIS919919919919ISISISISISISISISISISISIS

999181818181818181818AZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ818181818181818181999

122333444455555666666777777788888888999999999888888887777777666666555554444333221

999999999AUMMANIPADMEHUMAUMMANIPADMEHUMAUMMANIPADMEHUM999999999

PERFECT DIVINE LOVE PUREST LIVING LIGHT THAT LIGHT LIVING PUREST LOVE DIVINE PERFECT

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WORK DAYS OF GOD

Herbert W Morris D.D.circa 1883

Page 22

"As all the words in the English language are composed out of the twenty-six letters of the alphabet,.."

 

 

LIGHT AND LIFE

Lars Olof Bjorn 1976

Page 197

"By writing the 26 letters of the alphabet in a certain order one may put down almost any message (this book 'is written with the same letters' as the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Winnie the Pooh, only the order of the letters differs). In the same way Nature is able to convey with her language how a cell and a whole organism is to be constructed and how it is to function. Nature has succeeded better than we humans; for the genetic code there is only one universal language which is the same in a man, a bean plant and a bacterium."

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
I
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
9
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
ME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1

 

 

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
                  1+0 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 1+6 1+7 1+8 1+9 2+0 2+1 2+2 2+3 2+4 2+5 2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
                                                   
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

A

HISTORY OF GOD

Karen Armstrong

The God of the Mystics

Page 250

"(The Book of Creation). There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."  

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
I
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
9
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
ME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1

 

 

THERE IS NO ATTEMPT MADE TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS REALISTICALLY

THE ACCOUNT IS SYMBOLIC AND SHOWS GOD CREATING THE WORLD BY MEANS OF LANGUAGE

AS THOUGH WRITING A BOOK BUT LANGUAGE ENTIRELY TRANSFORMED

THE MESSAGE OF CREATION IS CLEAR EACH LETTER OF

THE

ALPHABET

IS

GIVEN

A

NUMERICAL

VALUE BY COMBINING THE LETTERS WITH THE SACRED NUMBERS

REARRANGING THEM IN ENDLESS CONFIGURATIONS

THE MYSTIC WEANED THE MIND AWAY FROM THE NORMAL CONNOTATIONS OF WORDS

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
                  1+0 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 1+6 1+7 1+8 1+9 2+0 2+1 2+2 2+3 2+4 2+5 2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
                                                   
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

FINGERPRINTS OF THE GODS

A QUEST FOR THE BEGINNING AND THE END

Graham Hancock 1995

Chapter 32

Speaking to the Unborn

Page 285

"It is understandable that a huge range of myths from all over the ancient world should describe geological catastrophes in graphic detail. Mankind survived the horror of the last Ice Age, and the most plausible source for our enduring traditions of flooding and freezing, massive volcanism and devastating earthquakes is in the tumultuous upheavals unleashed during the great meltdown of 15,000 to 8000 BC. The final retreat of the ice sheets, and the consequent 300-400 foot rise in global sea levels, took place only a few thousand years before the beginning of the historical period. It is therefore not surprising that all our early civilizations should have retained vivid memories of the vast cataclysms that had terrified their forefathers.
Much harder to explain is the peculiar but distinctive way the myths of cataclysm seem to bear the intelligent imprint of a guiding hand.l Indeed the degree of convergence between such ancient stories is frequently remarkable enough to raise the suspicion that they must all have been 'written' by the same 'author'.
Could that author have had anything to do with the wondrous deity, or superhuman, spoken of in so many of the myths we have reviewed, who appears immediately after the world has been shattered by a horrifying geological catastrophe and brings comfort and the gifts of civilization to the shocked and demoralized survivors?
White and bearded, Osiris is the Egyptian manifestation of this / Page 286 / universal figure, and it may not be an accident that one of the first acts he is remembered for in myth is the abolition of cannibalism among the primitive inhabitants of the Nile Valley.2 Viracocha, in South America, was said to have begun his civilizing mission immediately after a great flood; Quetzalcoatl, the discoverer of maize, brought the benefits of crops, mathematics, astronomy and a refined culture to Mexico after the Fourth Sun had been overwhelmed by a destroying deluge.
Could these strange myths contain a record of encounters between scattered palaeolithic tribes which survived the last Ice Age and an as yet unidentified high civilization which passed through the same epoch?
And could the myths be attempts to communicate?

A message in the bottle of time"

'Of all the other stupendous inventions,' Galileo once remarked,

what sublimity of mind must have been his who conceived how to communicate his most secret thoughts to any other person, though very distant either in time or place, speaking with those who are in the Indies, speaking to those who are not yet born, nor shall be this thousand or ten thousand years? And with no greater difficulty than the various arrangements of two dozen little signs on paper? Let this be the seal of all the admirable inventions of men.3

If the 'precessional message' identified by scholars like Santillana, von Dechend and Jane Sellers is indeed a deliberate attempt at communication by some lost civilization of antiquity, how come it wasn't just written down and left for us to find? Wouldn't that have been easier than encoding it in myths? Perhaps.
Nevertheless, suppose that whatever the message was written on got destroyed or worn away after many thousands of years? Or suppose that the language in which it was inscribed was later forgotten utterly (like the enigmatic Indus Valley script, which has been studied closely for more than half a century but has so far resisted all attempts at decoding)? It must be obvious that in such circumstances a written / Page 287 / legacy to the future would be of no value at all, because nobody would be able to make sense of it.
What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them - and the city of Teotihuacan may be the calling-card of a lost civilization written in the eternal language of mathematics.
Geodetic data, related to the exact positioning of fixed geographical points and to the shape and size of the earth, would also remain valid and recognizable for tens of thousands of years, and might be most conveniently expressed by means of cartography (or in the construction of giant geodetic monuments like the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as we shall see).
Another 'constant' in our solar system is the language of time: the great but regular intervals of time calibrated by the inch-worm creep of precessional motion. Now, or ten thousand years in the future, a message that prints out numbers like 72 or 2160 or 4320 or 25,920 should be instantly intelligible to any civilization that has evolved a modest talent for mathematics and the ability to detect and measure the almost imperceptible reverse wobble that the sun appears to make along the ecliptic against the background of the fixed stars..."

"What one would look for, therefore, would be a universal language, the kind of language that would be comprehensible to any technologically advanced society in any epoch, even a thousand or ten thousand years into the future. Such languages are few and far between, but mathematics is one of them"

"WRITTEN IN THE ETERNAL LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS"

 

 

A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTER AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

 

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-

 


9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
+
=
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
+
=
11
1+1
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
=
7
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
+
=
97
9+7
=
16
1+6
7
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
+
=
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
1+5
6
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
=
3
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
 180
1+8+0
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
=
9
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
36
-
-
8
-
36
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
3+6
-
-
-
-
3+6
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
=
9
=
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
                  1+0 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 1+6 1+7 1+8 1+9 2+0 2+1 2+2 2+3 2+4 2+5 2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
                                                   
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
                  1+0 1+1 1+2 1+3 1+4 1+5 1+6 1+7 1+8 1+9 2+0 2+1 2+2 2+3 2+4 2+5 2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
                                                   
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT NINE

 

1
3
ONE
34
16
7
2
3
TWO
58
13
4
3
5
THREE
56
29
2
4
4
FOUR
60
24
6
5
4
FIVE
42
24
6
6
3
SIX
52
16
7
7
5
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
4
NINE
42
24
6
45
36
Add
458
197
44
4+5
3+6
Reduce
4+5+8
1+9+7
4+4
9
9
Reduce
17
17
8
-
-
Deduce
1+7
1+7
-
9
9
Essence
8
8
8

 

 

4

ZERO

64

28

1
3

ONE
34
16
7
3

TWO
58
13
4
5

THREE
56
29
2
4

FOUR
60
24
6
4

FIVE
42
24
6
3

SIX
52
16
7
5

SEVEN
65
20
2
5

EIGHT
49
31
4
4

NINE
42
24
6
40
-
522
225
45
4+0
-
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
4
-
9
9
9

 

 

0
-
ZERO
64
28
1
1
6
ONE
34
16
7
2
2
TWO
58
13
4
3
2
THREE
56
29
2
4
6
FOUR
60
24
6
5
6
FIVE
42
24
6
6
1
SIX
52
16
7
7
1
SEVEN
65
20
2
8
5
EIGHT
49
31
4
9
5
NINE
42
24
6
45
34
Add
522
225
45
4+5
3+4
Reduce
5+2+2
2+2+5
4+5
9
7
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN SOME AMAZE

THE

ZED ALIZ ZED

IN

SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Cycles and Patterns

Page 165

Patterns

"The essence of mathematics is to look for patterns.

Our minds seem to be organised to search for relationships and sequences. We look for hidden orders.

These intuitions seem to be more important than the facts themselves, for there is always the thrill at finding something, a pattern, it is a discovery - what was unknown is now revealed. Imagine looking up at the stars and finding the zodiac!

Searching out patterns is a pure delight.

Suddenly the counters fall into place and a connection is found, not necessarily a geometric one, but a relationship between numbers, pictures of the mind, that were not obvious before. There is that excitement of finding order in something that was otherwise hidden.

And there is the knowledge that a huge unseen world lurks behind the facades we see of the numbers themselves."

 

 

THE USBORNE BOOK OF

FACTS AND LISTS

Lynn Bressler (no date)

Page 82

10 most spoken languages
Chinese 700,000,000 English 400,000,000 Russian 265,000,000 Spanish 240,000,000 Hindustani 230,000,000 Arabic 146,000,000 Portuguese 145,000,000 Bengali 144,000,000 German 119,000,000 Japanese 116,000,000

The first alphabet
The Phoenicians, who once lived where Syria, Jordan and Lebanon are today, had an alphabet of 29 letters as early as 1,700 BC. It was adopted by the Greeks and the Romans. Through the Romans, who went on to conquer most of Europe, it became the alphabet of Western countries.

Sounds strange
One tribe of Mexican Indians hold entire conversations just by whistling. The different pitches provide meaning.

The Rosetta Stone
 The Rosetta Stone was found by Napoleon in the sands of Egypt. It dates to about 196 BC.
On it is an inscription in hieroglyphics and a translation in Greek. , Because scholars knew ancient Greek, they could work out what the Egyptian hieroglyphics meant. From this they learned the language of the ancient Egyptians.

Did You KnowMany Chinese cannot understand each other. They have different ways of speaking (called dialects) in different
parts of the country. But today in schools allover China, the children are being taught one dialect (Mandarin), so that one day all Chinese will understand each other.

Translating computers
Computers can be used to help people of different nationalities, who do not know each others' language, talk to each other. By giving a computer a message in one language it will translate it into another specified language.

Worldwide language
English is spoken either as a first or second language in at least 45 countries. This is more than any other language. It is the language of international business and scientific conferences and is used by airtraffic controllers worldwide. In all, about one third of the world speaks it.

Page 83

Earliest writing Chinese writing has been found on pottery, and even on a tortoise shell, going back 6,000 years. Pictures made the basis for their writing, each picture showing an object or idea. Probably the earliest form of writing came from the Middle East, where Iraq and Iran are now. This region was then ruled by the Sumerians.

The most words

English has more words in it than any other language. There are about1 million in all, a third of which are technical terms. Most
people only use about 1 per cent of the words available, that is, about 10,000. William Shakespeare is reputed to have made most use of the English vocabulary.

A scientific word describing a process in the human cell is 207,000 letters long. This makes this single word equal in length to a short novel or about 80 typed sheets of A4 paper.

Many tongues
A Frenchman, named Georges Henri Schmidt, is fluent (meaning he reads and writes well) in 31 different languages.

International language
Esperanto was invented in the 1880s by a Pole, Dr Zamenhof. It was hoped that it would become the international language of Europe. It took words from many European countries and has a very easy grammar that can be learned in an hour or two.
The same language

The languages of India and Europe may originally come from just one source. Many words in different languages sound similar. For example, the word for King in Latin is Rex, in Indian, Raj, in Italian Re, in French Roi and in Spanish Rey. The original language has been named Indo-European. Basque, spoken in the French and Spanish Pyrenees, is an exception. It seems to have a different source which is still unknown.

Number of alphabets
There are 65 alphabets in use in the world today. Here are some of them: Roman
ABCDEFGHUKLMNOPQRS Greek  Russian (Cyrillic) Hebrew  Chinese (examples omitted)

 

 

Daily Mail, Monday, December 21, 2015

Page 45

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS
Charles Legge.

QUESTION If E is the most used letter of our alphabet, in what order of usage are the remaining 25 letters?

CODEBREAKERS are especially interested in frequency analysis. The most basic encryption text is achieved by simply replacing one letter by another. So to decipher such an encryption, it's useful to get a frequency count of all the letters. The most frequent letter might represent the most common letter in English, E followed by T, A, 0 and I. The least frequent are Q, Z and X.
Common percentages in standard Englist are: e 12.7, t 9.1, a 8.2, o 7.5, i 7.0, n 6.7, s 6.3 h 6.1, r 6.0, d 4.3, I 4.0, u 2.8, c 2.8, m 2.4, IA 2.4, f 2.2, y 2.0, g 2.0, p 1.9, b 1.5, v 1.0, k 0.8 x 0.2, j 0.2, q 0.1, z 0.1. The top 12 letter: constitute about 80 per cent of the total usage. The top eight letters constitute about 65 per cent of total use.
Codebreakers also look for common pairings, for example the consonants TE and vowels EA. Other pairings are OF, TO IN, IT, IS, BE, AS, AT, SO, WE, HE, BY, OR ON, DO, IF, ME, MY, UP. Common pairs of repeated letters are SS, EE, TT, FF, LL MM and 00. Common triplets are THE EST, FOR, AND, HIS, ENT and THA. The use of letter frequencies and frequency analysis plays a fundamental role in cryptograms and word puzzle games such as Hangman and Scrabble. An example of applying the knowledge of English letter frequency to solving cryptogram is found in Edgar Allan Poe's famous story The Gold-Bug, where the method is successfully applied to decipher a message instructing on the whereabouts of a treasure hidden by Captain Kidd.
A. D. Butler Warraigion, Cheshire.

 

 

DAILY MAIL

Monday, October 8, 2007

Harry Bingham

Page 15

"YOU SAY POTATO, I SAY GHOUGHBTEIGHPTEAU !"

"...Yes you CAN spell potato like that. It's one of the amazing quirks which make English the world's dominant language

 

"ABOUT three years ago I started researching a book, This Little Britain, about the various ways in which we Brits have a history .
of being the exception.
In areas such as law, government, economics, agriculture and science, we've often been a uniquely British exception to a general European rule.
Ditto, in such things as men's fashion, Victorian sewers, drunken yobbishness, and - not least - in the whole area of language and literature.
Take spellings. George Bernard Shaw famously commented that English spelling would allow you to write the word 'fish' as 'ghoti' - and it would sound the same (in the latter, the sound 'f' would be from 'gh', as in 'rough'; 'i' would be from 'o' in 'women' and 'sh' as in 'ti' from 'nation').
But he couldn't have been trying all that hard, if that was the best example he came up with. How about 'potato' as in
'ghoughbteighpteau'? That's the sound 'p' as in hiccough, 'o' as in though, 't' as in debt, 'a' as in neighbour, 't' as in ptomaine, 'o' as in bureau. The fact is that with just 26 letters and 48 different sounds to cope with, there were always going to be problems. :
Throw in other pronunciation changes and an appetite for foreign borrowings, and it's no surprise that English has some of the most dangerously unpredictable spellings in the world.
If our spellings are painful, however, our grammar has its blessedly simple side. French nouns are either masculine or feminine; French verbs vary with every puff of the syntactical breeze.
But French is a pretty simple language. Italian has 50 different forms for every verb, ancient Greek more than 300, modern Turkish an eye popping two million. English, by contrast, has just four verb forms (bark, barks, barking, barked), two noun forms (dog, dogs), and just one adjectival form (snappy), thus making our language about the least inflected in the world.
If that's a curious fact, the reason why is perhaps odder still. Back in Alfred the Great's England, two language communities - English and Danish - inter­mingled. Each community could make out the basic words of the other language.

FOR example, the word 'horse' is 'hors' in Old English, 'hossit' in Old Norse. But all those tricksy little word endings would have made no sense at all. So they began to vanish.
Under pressure of trade, friendship and intermarriage, our ancient ancestors did away with inflections almost completely. Confusing at the time, no doubt, but a blessing for those who need to learn the language today.
And there are plenty of people learning it, of course. With about one-and a-half billion non-native speakers, English has become the world's own language - one that accounts for two-thirds of internet content, and a still larger proportion of the world's scientific and technical journals.
It's sometimes suggested that English has achieved its leadership because it's thelanguage of Shakespeare, . because of its unique and beautiful literature.
That's nonsense, of course. English dominates because the British Isles exported English speakers and gunboats in the 19th century, and because America exported Hollywood, GIs and hamburgers in the 20th.
If those Mayflower settlers had chanced to speak Ubykh (a Caucasian language with 81 consonants and 'three vowels) or Rotokas (a Papua New Guinea language with just six consonants and five vowels), the world would most likely be speaking those fine languages today.
Such dominance has its down­side, of course. There are now about 6,800 languages left in the world, compared with perhaps twice that number back at the dawn of agriculture. The remaining languages are now dying at the rate of about one a fortnight.
English is big in other ways too. If you wanted to learn all the words in the Oxford English Dictionary, you'd have to deal with about 500,000 of them (ending with zyxt, a splendid last word by any standards and an archaic Kentish term for thou seest).
Having done that, you'd probably be a bit taken aback to learn the equivalent American dictionary, Webster's, offers a further 450,000 words or so, of which only about half are to be found in the OED, suggesting a pooled total word count of about 750,000.
But there are lots of words that never get in to either dictionary. Flora and fauna are mostly out. So are most acronyms, slang and dialect. Total that lot up and you'd get to a million or so. Next, you'd need to deal with scientific and technological terms, adding another million or so words.
Otherlanguages-can't keep up. The official dictionary-based word count of German is fewer than 200,000. The French word­count is fewer than 100,000. The scale of our vocabulary is impossible to explain, except by recognising that English users are reckless adopters and inventors.
In the cultural realm, however, mere size is hardly likely to impress. In tenus of Nobel Prizes for literature, the United Kingdom trots home in the bronze medal position (beaten by gold­medallist France, and the silver­gong-holder, the US.).
If, on the other hand, you were looking at the total amount of literatureproduced by the British Isles then we would come in level with France, with 13 prizes.

BUT perhaps that's to measure things the wrong way. If you look at Nobel Prizes by language, then English wins by a country mile 26 laureates vs 13 for France).

More to the point, the Nobel Prize Committee is just that: a committee. Wouldn't it be better to let the world's reading public determine which literature it favours? Alas, there are no reliable global sales figures available.
We do, however, have an index of which authors have written the most translated books. British authors romp home in four of the top five places: Agatha Christie in first, then Enid Blyton, Shakespeare and Barbara Cartland in third to fifth. (The one interloper, Frenchman Jules Verne, is in second place.)
Looking more broadly, British authors dominate the top 40, with some 14 authors on the list, compared with 11 for the United States, and 15 for the entire rest of the world put together.
The obvious conclusion: that we Brits have some natural affinity for words and literature, the way that the Germans 'do' music, or the French 'do' visual art.
Such things run both deep and ancient. The vernacular literature of Alfred the Great's England was the most developed in Europe. It's perhaps not surprising that the same is arguably still true today."

 

"YOU SAY POTATO, I SAY GHOUGHBTEIGHPTEAU !"

 

 

-
-
-
-
-

DICTIONARY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
1
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
2
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
O
=
6
6
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
8
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
Y
=
7
10
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
10
DICTIONARY
118
55
55
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+1+8
5+5
5+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+7
D
=
4
-
1
DICTIONARY
10
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
DICTIONARY
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-

DICTIONARY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
8
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
D
=
4
1
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
6
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
Y
=
7
10
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
2
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
R
=
9
9
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
10
DICTIONARY
118
55
55
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+1+8
5+5
5+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+7
D
=
4
-
1
DICTIONARY
10
10
10
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+0
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
-
1
DICTIONARY
1
1
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

THE

DICTIONARY

 

-
-
-
-
-

THE DICTIONARY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
4
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
10
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
11
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
Y
=
7
13
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
55
-
10
-
118
55
55
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
THE DICTIONARY
151
70
70
-
1
4
3
4
10
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
1+5+1
7+0
7+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
4
THE DICTIONARY
7
7
7
-
1
4
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
THE DICTIONARY
7
7
7
-
1
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-

THE DICTIONARY
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
11
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
6
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
4
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
10
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
9
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
Y
=
7
13
1
Y
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
5
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
8
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
12
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
THE DICTIONARY
151
70
70
-
1
4
3
4
10
6
7
8
27
-
-
-
-
1+3
-
1+5+1
7+0
7+0
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
4
THE DICTIONARY
7
7
7
-
1
4
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
THE DICTIONARY
7
7
7
-
1
4
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

 

-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

3
3
-
A+B+C
6
6
6
2
2
D+E
9
9
9
3
3
F+G+H
21
21
3
1
1
I
9
9
9
3
3
J+K+L
33
6
6
2
2
M+N
27
9
9
2
2
O+P
31
13
4
3
3
QRS
54
18
9
3
3
TUV
63
9
9
3
3
WXY
72
18
9
1
1
Z
26
8
8
26
12
14
First Total
351
126
81
2+6
1+2
1+4
Add to Reduce
3+5+1
1+2+6
8+1
8
3
5
Reduce to Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

3
A+B+C
6
6
6
-
D+E
-
-
-
3
F+G+H
21
21
3
-
I
-
-
-
3
J+K+L
33
6
6
-
M+N
-
-
-
2
O+P
31
13
4
-
QRS
-
-
-
-
TUV
-
-
-
-
WXY
-
-
-
1
Z
26
8
8
12
First Total
117
54
27
2+6
Add to Reduce
1+1+7
5+4
2+7
8
Reduce to Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

-
A+B+C
-
-
-
2
D+E
9
9
9
-
F+G+H
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
J+K+L
-
-
-
2
M+N
27
9
9
-
O+P
-
-
-
3
QRS
54
18
9
3
TUV
63
9
9
3
WXY
72
18
9
-
Z
-
-
-
14
First Total
234
72
54
1+4
Add to Reduce
2+3+4
7+2
5+4
5
Reduce to Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
-
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
+
=
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
+
=
11
1+1
=
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
+
=
11
1+7
=
2
-
2
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
+
=
34
3+4
=
7
-
7
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
+
=
97
9+7
=
16
1+6
7
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
-
9
-
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
+
=
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
45
-
-
9
-
45
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
4+5
-
-
-
-
4+5
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
9

 

 

8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
-
6
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
69
6+9
=
15
-
6
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
-
3
-
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
111
1+1+1
=
3
-
3
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
180
1+8+0
=
9
-
9
-
 1+9 2+0 2+1 2+2 2+3 2+4 2+5 2+6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
36
3+6
=
9
-
9
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
36
-
-
8
-
36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+6
-
-
-
-
3+6
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
-
7
-
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
                
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
    
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
    
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
    
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
    
9

 
 
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